In the hospitality industry, a warm smile and a friendly demeanor are just as important as a clean room or a delicious meal. We train our staff to be professional, courteous, and welcoming, no matter what challenges they may be facing personally. But what is the hidden cost of this constant emotional performance? A groundbreaking study by Alicia A. Grandey, “When ‘The Show Must Go on’: Surface Acting and Deep Acting as Determinants of Emotional Exhaustion and Peer-Rated Service Delivery,” provides some crucial insights for hoteliers.
The Two Faces of Emotional Labor
Grandey’s research delves into the concept of “emotional labor,” the effort it takes for employees to manage their feelings to meet the requirements of their job. The study identifies two key ways in which service employees perform this labor:
- Surface Acting: This is when an employee fakes the expected emotion. Think of a front desk agent who has just dealt with a rude guest but has to immediately greet the next person with a cheerful smile. They are essentially putting on a mask, and while it might look convincing, it’s a superficial performance.
- Deep Acting: This is a more profound form of emotional labor where an employee tries to genuinely feel the emotions they are expected to display. For example, a concierge might try to empathize with a guest who has lost their luggage, drawing on their own experiences of frustration to create a genuine connection.
The Damaging Effects of “Faking It”
The study’s findings are a wake-up call for the hotel industry. Grandey discovered that surface acting is a significant drain on employees, leading to emotional exhaustion and burnout. When your staff are constantly faking their emotions, it takes a toll on their well-being. This emotional exhaustion doesn’t just impact the employee; it also has a direct effect on the quality of service they provide. The research showed that employees who frequently engage in surface acting are rated by their peers as providing lower-quality service.
On the other hand, deep acting was found to be less emotionally draining and had a more positive impact on service delivery. When employees can genuinely connect with guests, it not only improves the guest experience but also protects the employee from the negative effects of emotional labor.
What This Means for Your Hotel
As a hotelier, you can’t afford to ignore the emotional well-being of your staff. Here are some key takeaways from Grandey’s research:
- Acknowledge the Emotional Demands of the Job: Recognize that your staff are not just performing physical tasks; they are also engaged in demanding emotional labor. Create a supportive environment where they feel comfortable discussing the challenges of their roles.
- Train for Empathy, Not Just for Smiles: Instead of simply telling your staff to smile, train them in deep acting techniques. This could involve workshops on empathy, emotional intelligence, and perspective-taking. Help them to understand the guest’s point of view and to find genuine ways to connect with them.
- Empower Your Employees: Give your staff the autonomy to solve guest problems and to make decisions. When they feel empowered, they are more likely to be engaged and to find their work meaningful, which can help to reduce emotional exhaustion.
- Lead by Example: As a manager, your own emotional intelligence and empathy are crucial. When you show your staff that you care about their well-being, you create a culture of trust and support.
The Bottom Line
In the competitive world of hospitality, the emotional intelligence of your staff is a key differentiator. By understanding the difference between surface and deep acting, you can take steps to protect your employees from burnout and to create a service culture that is authentic, empathetic, and truly exceptional. It’s time to look beyond the smile and to focus on the well-being of the people who are the heart and soul of your hotel.


















